Gratitude

Matteo Ricci
利瑪竇

Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) was an Italian Jesuit priest and pioneering missionary who played a crucial role in introducing Christianity and Western science to China. Ricci’s life and work are deeply connected with the value of gratitude, which he expressed through sincere respect for Chinese culture and traditions.

Upon arriving in China, Ricci immersed himself in the Chinese language, philosophy, and customs, showing genuine appreciation for Confucian wisdom and Chinese intellectual achievements. Rather than imposing Western beliefs in a rigid manner, Ricci developed what became known as ‘The Rule of Matteo Ricci’, an innovative missionary approach that sought to harmonise Catholicism with Chinese cultural practices. This rule allowed Chinese converts to continue participating in traditional Confucian rites—such as ancestor veneration and public ceremonies—on the understanding that these were civil, not religious, in nature.

Ricci’s approach emphasised cultural sensitivity and mutual respect, using Chinese terms like Tiān (Heaven) or Shàngdì (Supreme Deity) to refer to the Christian God, thereby bridging East and West in a uniquely Chinese Christian context. His respectful and thankful attitude won him the trust of Chinese scholars and officials, enabling fruitful collaboration with intellectuals like Xu Guangqi, with whom he translated important scientific and philosophical works.

Ricci’s gratitude was not passive; it inspired humility, respect, and a spirit of cooperation, making him a model of intercultural dialogue and friendship. Although later controversies arose over these accommodations, Ricci’s Rule laid the foundation for a more nuanced understanding of how faith can engage with diverse cultures.